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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
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Results for juvenile delinquency (scotland)
8 results foundAuthor: McVie, Susan Title: Animal Abuse Amongst Young People Aged 13 to 17: Trends, Trajectories and Links with Other Offending Summary: The aims of this report are four-fold: to examine the prevalence and frequency of animal abuse during adolescence and compare this with involvement in other forms of both violent and nonviolent delinquent behaviours; to investigate a broad range of characteristics amongst those who get involved in animal abuse, other violent behaviour, non-violent offending and nonoffenders; to identify how offending trajectories of abuse against animals develop over time and compare this to trajectories of interpersonal violence; and to isolate those characteristics that best explain different animal abuse offending trajectories. This report is based on detailed analysis of data collected by the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime. The Edinburgh Study is a prospective, longitudinal study of criminal offending amongst a large cohort of young people in the Scottish capital. The main aim of the study is to investigate the factors and processes that lead some young people to become involved in serious and persistent criminal offending, with a particular emphasis on gender differences. The study involves a cohort of around 4,300 young people who started secondary school in the city of Edinburgh in the autumn of 1998, when they were aged 12 on average. The design of the study includes six annual sweeps of self-report data collection from cohort members and collection of data from a range of official agencies, including police, social work, the Children’s Reporter and schools. The analysis for this report draws on both self report data and information held by official agencies. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: School Law, University of Edinburgh, 2007. 55p. Source: Report prepared for the RSPCA Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/RSPCA.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/RSPCA.pdf Shelf Number: 109050 Keywords: Animal Abuse (Scotland)Criminal Careers (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland) |
Author: Smith, David J. Title: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime: Key Findings at Ages 12 and 13 Summary: The rise in crime is one of the most striking social changes since the Second World War. Police recorded crime rose dramatically between 1950 and the mid 1990s in all developed countries (except Japan) and, because of the shape of the age-crime curve, this is to a large extent the result of an increase in misconduct and ordinary crimes committed by young people (Smith, 1995). This increase in problem behaviour among young people has also been paralleled by post-war increases in other psychosocial disorders during the teenage years, such as suicide, eating disorders and personality dysfunctions (Smith & Rutter, 1995). These major societal changes have meant that youth crime, and indeed issues in relation to young people in general, have become a salient political issue As a result of these societal and political developments, studies into changes in criminal offending over the life course are critical to contemporary criminology. By far the most important previous British study in this field is the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development, a major longitudinal study which continues to study the determinants and predictability of criminal offending among a group of people who were 8 years old in 1961 (Farrington and West, 1990). However, the origins of this study are somewhat outdated and contemporary studies are needed, combining both psychological and sociological approaches, to focus on a substantially different set of intellectual and policy questions. The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime is a major longitudinal of around 4,300 young people who started their first year of secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in August 1998, when most of them were around 11½ and 12½ years of age. The study aims to further our understanding of criminal behaviour among young people by studying them over a key period of development. There are four key objectives underpinning the study: To investigate and identify the factors which impact on young people’s offending behaviour and the processes which are involved; To examine these factors and processes within 3 main contexts: individual development through the life course; the impact of interactions with formal agencies of social control and law enforcement; the effect of the physical and social structure of the individual’s neighbourhood; Within each of the above three contexts, to examine the striking differences between the extent and patterns of criminal offending between males and females; and To contribute towards the development and empirical evaluation of theories which explain people’s involvement in criminal offending behaviour, particularly those who go on to become serious and persistent offenders. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Centre for Law and Society, 2001. 202p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 17, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findreport/wholereport.pdf Year: 2001 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findreport/wholereport.pdf Shelf Number: 91566 Keywords: Demographic Trends (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland) |
Author: Smith, David Title: Parenting and Delinquency at Ages 12 to 15 Summary: Many current policy initiatives, both in Scotland and elsewhere in the UK, aim to reduce youth crime by targeting parents. These initiatives are based on the assumption that styles of parenting have an important influence on adolescent behaviour. In broad terms, that assumption is backed up by a great weight of evidence from social science research. The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between parenting and youth crime in more detail, and thus to support a closer analysis of the kinds of policy that are likely to be successful in this field. It draws on findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (The Edinburgh Study), a longitudinal research programme exploring pathways into and out of offending among a single cohort of young people who started secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in 1998. Information about parenting and family functioning was obtained at each sweep from the young people themselves. In addition, a survey of one parent (the main care-giver) of each cohort member was carried out in the autumn of 2001, concurrently with sweep 4. Detailed and parallel measures of parenting and family functioning were included in the survey of parents and in the sweep 4 questionnaires completed by their children at about the same time. The study therefore provides a balanced picture of the parent/child rela-tionship as seen by both sides. The key findings of this report are as follows: Styles of parenting are closely related to crime and antisocial behaviour in teenagers. Aspects of parenting and family functioning when children were aged 13 were good pre-dictors of juvenile delinquency two years later, when they were aged 15. This demon-strates that parenting had a genuine causal influence on the later behaviour of teenagers. When young people were aged 15, seven distinct dimensions of parenting and family functioning were independently related to levels of delinquency. The most important fac-tors were parents tracking and monitoring behaviour, the child’s willingness to disclose information, parental consistency, and avoiding parent/child conflict and excessive pun-ishment. The findings fit with a social learning theory of effective parenting and child develop-ment. The key idea is that children will repeat patterns of behaviour that reward them in the short term. Parents should ensure that only acceptable behaviour is rewarded. Parenting and family functioning are influenced by the social context. Parents with poor resources and in deprived neighbourhoods find it more difficult to be effective. The findings highlight programmes for improving parenting skills as a possible means of reducing crime, but there are limits to what the state can do to encourage better parenting and it is particularly difficult to help those who are most in need. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2004. 24p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transistions and Crime, Report No. 3: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest3.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest3.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Parents (Scotland) |
Author: Smith, David J. Title: The Links Between Victimization and Offending Summary: In our current study of a cohort of around 4,300 young people in Edinburgh, we have found a close relationship between crime victimization and self-reported delinquency. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explore this relationship between delin-quency and victimization in young people, and to consider some possible explanations for it. The paper draws on findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (The Edinburgh Study), a longitudinal research programme exploring pathways into and out of offending among a single cohort of young people who started secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in 1998. The key findings of the study are as follows: At sweep 4 (age 15) a broad measure of delinquency was seven times as high among those who had been victims of five types of crime as among those who had not been vic-tims of any. The variation in serious delinquency was still more extreme. Being a victim of assault with a weapon and of robbery were more strongly associated with delinquency than were other forms of victimization. Being harassed by adults was also strongly associated with delinquency. This could be because rowdy youths draw attention to themselves, which they interpret as harassment. However, this could not apply to all of the harassment items. It could not explain, for example, why youths who said adults had indecently exposed themselves to them or fol-lowed them in a car had higher rates of self-reported delinquency than others. It seems that offending makes youths vulnerable to adult harassment. The strongest link is between victimization and offending over the same time period, but there remains a fairly strong association after a period of three years. Victimization pre-dicts delinquency three years later; and also, delinquency predicts victimization three years later. The more often victimization is repeated, the more strongly it predicts delinquency. Con-sistently repeated victimization (without any gaps) predicts delinquency most strongly of all. The most important factors explaining the link between victimization and offending were getting involved in risky activities and situations, and having a delinquent circle of friends. This is because the same activities, situations, and social circles lead both to vic-timization and to offending. To a small extent, also, the same personality traits underlie both. There is evidence for a genuine causal link between victimization and offending, running in both directions. This is because the two are linked over time, after allowing for the effects of many explanatory variables. The findings reinforce the Kilbrandon philosophy, which insists on dealing with young people according to their needs arising from their various troubles, and not primarily as offenders or as victims. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2004. 21p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, Number 5: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest5.pdf Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest5.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: At-Risk Youth (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Victimization (Scotland) |
Author: Norris, Paul Title: Neighbourhood Effects on Youth Delinquency and Drug Use Summary: This report aims to investigate whether the characteristics of residential neighbourhoods exert an influence on two forms of problematic adolescent behaviour, criminal offending and drug use, that is independent of factors relating specifically to the individual. It draws on the findings of the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (the Edinburgh Study), a longitudinal research programme exploring pathways into and out of offending for a cohort of 4,328 young people, who started secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in 1998. The key findings are as follows: Characteristics of the neighbourhoods in which young people live do play a role in influencing aspects of their delinquent and drug using behaviour, although their impact is relatively weak in comparison to the effect of individual characteristics, such as gender and personality. The neighbourhood factors involved in explaining higher levels of delinquency, cannabis and hard drug use amongst 16 year olds are quite different, which indicates that a different theoretical framework may be needed to understand the contextual effects of areas on different problematic behaviours. Whereas delinquency and hard drug use are partially explained by negative neighbourhood characteristics (such as greater deprivation in the case of delinquency and higher crime rates for hard drug use), more frequent cannabis use is greater within prosperous neighbourhoods but also within areas in which there is greater social disorganisation. The findings support crime control policies based on tackling underlying structural deprivation (such as unemployment and density of local authority housing). However, they also indicate that community-based strategies that take a uniform approach to tackling both crime and drug use are unlikely to be entirely successful due to the different influences of neighbourhood factors. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2006. 34p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, Report No. 10: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest10.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest10.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Substance Abuse (Scotland) |
Author: Smith, David J. Title: School Experiences and Delinquency at Ages 13 to 16 Summary: This briefing paper presents evidence from the Edinburgh Study on the relationship between experiences at school and delinquency in young people aged between 13 and 16. The report examines the links between various aspects of school experience, including commitment to school, attachment to teachers, experience of truancy and exclusion and involvement in bullying, and misbehaviour at school and other forms of delinquency. It draws on findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, a longitudinal research programme exploring pathways into and out of offending among a single cohort of young people who started secondary school in the City of Edinburgh in 1998. Questions about school were included in questionnaires completed by the young people at four of the annual sweeps, at ages 13, 15, 16 and 17. This report focuses on sweeps 2, 4 and 5 because by sweep 6 half of the cohort had left school. In addition, it makes use of school records of attendance and exclusion from school. The key findings are as follows: Attachment to school is related to young people’s behaviour in school and more widely to delinquent and criminal conduct. The most important dimension is attachment to teachers, but the belief that school success will bring later rewards is also important. Parents’ commitment to school is related to their children’s behaviour, including both misbehaviour in school and criminal conduct. Misbehaviour at school was clearly related to exclusion, but was a rather small part of the explanation for it. Truancy and delinquency were only weakly related to exclusion. Given their levels of bad behaviour in school, delinquency, and truancy, boys and those from working class or unemployed households were substantially more likely to have been excluded from school than girls and those from non-manual households. Analysis of the change in behaviour of people between the ages of 13 and 15 has shown that attachment to teachers at age 13 was related to lower levels of misbehaviour and delinquency at age 15, after controlling for social and family background. This indicates that there is a role for schools in preventing the development of delinquent behaviour. Analysis of behaviour change also found that misbehaviour at school at age 13 was related to an increase in delinquency over the following two years. This shows that controlling misbehaviour in school is important because, along with a range of other factors, such misbehaviour tends to lead to later criminal conduct. Details: Edinburgh, Scotland: Centre for Law and Society, The University of Edinburgh, 2006. 20p. Source: The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, Report No. 13: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2012 at http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest13.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest13.pdf Shelf Number: 102905 Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Juvenile Offenders (Scotland)Schools (Scotland) |
Author: GoWell Title: Who says teenagers are a serious problem? GoWell's findings on householder perceptions of youth related problems in deprived areas of Glasgow Summary: Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, is receiving significant investment in regeneration aimed at improving and transforming disadvantaged homes, neighbourhoods and communities. GoWell is a research and learning programme that aims to investigate the impact of investment in Glasgow’s regeneration on the health and wellbeing of individuals, families and communities over a ten-year period. In 2006 GoWell researchers surveyed 6,008 adult householders (aged 16 years or over) in 14 relatively deprived Glasgow neighbourhoods to obtain an initial picture of what people thought about their homes, neighbourhoods and communities. One of the findings that stood out was that just over half the householders we spoke to perceived teenagers hanging around the street to be a problem in their local area. It was the kind of finding that could attract headlines – but we know that many people are critical of headlines that encourage negative stereotyping of young people. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2008) described a ‘general climate of intolerance and negative public attitudes toward children, especially adolescents’ in the UK. Nonetheless, policies associated with antisocial behaviour often focus on young people: for example the most recent Scottish Government Framework on preventing anti-social behaviour makes over 100 references to young people. We have therefore produced a briefing paper to consider the findings in more detail (this is only the first part of a much larger programme of analysis into the issue). Details: Glasgow, Scotland: GoWell, 2010. 12p. Source: Briefing Paper 8: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2012 at http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=145&Itemid=67 Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=145&Itemid=67 Shelf Number: 126381 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Public Opinion (Scotland) |
Author: GoWell Title: Young people's experience of intolerance, antisocial behaviour and keeping safe in disadvantaged areas of Glasgow Summary: The view that intolerance towards young people is rife in the UK has been widely advanced. UK surveys show that a substantial minority of adults describe teenagers as a serious problem in their local area. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child recently singled out the UK for its ‘general climate of intolerance and negative public attitudes towards children, especially adolescents’. In this paper, we explore young people’s own perspectives on intolerance and antisocial behaviour (ASB) using interviews and focus groups involving young residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Glasgow. We found evidence that young people believed they were the object of conscious and unconscious stereotyping by adults. In addition, young people held negative perceptions of other young people in their neighbourhood and used similar stereotypes to the adults in the neighbourhood. We also found evidence of young people experiencing ASB and taking steps to secure their own safety within the neighbourhood. We conclude that while young people may be the object of adult intolerance, they are also actively developing their own social attitudes about their peers and community that at times appear unsafe to them. Therefore, policy and practice in this area need to reflect two broad interpretations of young people’s ASB: one that emphasises the involvement of young people in such behaviour and another that focuses on negative attitudes towards young people. Details: Glasgow, Scotland: GoWell, 2011. 12p. Source: Briefing Paper 16: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2012 at http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=215&Itemid=218 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.gowellonline.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=215&Itemid=218 Shelf Number: 126383 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (Scotland)Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (Scotland)Juvenile Delinquency (Scotland)Neighborhoods and Crime (Scotland)Public Opinion (Scotland) |